We know from
Plato (Republic, 601d–2a) that the “quality, beauty and
fitness” (transl. Lee, 1974 [1955]) of an object, or its
“excellence or beauty or rightness” (transl. Cornford, 1941)—or,
better, its “excellence or virtue”—depends upon its use.
Thus, an object’s user, having gained the most thorough
acquaintance with it, best knows its use. Its manufacturer, wishing
to make a good (“virtuous”) object, should consult its user;
thereby, he comes to believe rightly about the object and its
virtues.
Knowledge by
acquaintance is proper to the user qua user, and (true) belief
to the manufacturer qua manufacturer.
Nicolas
Poussin provided the following definition of painting in a 1665
letter to the Sieur de Chambray:
Painting’s
“end,” purpose, or use is delectation. Its user is the art
lover, who delights in it. if a painter wishes to make a good
painting, he must consult the art lover, its user. This inner
dilettante, “inner critic,” or assimilation by maker-as-such of
user-as-such—is, according to Arthur Wesley Dow, “the divine gift
APPRECIATION” (Composition [New York: Doubleday, 1913], p.128).